Across cultures and throughout history, rhythm has been used to support healing, celebration and connection. From traditional ceremonies to modern wellness gatherings, drumming communities create a space where people can share rhythm together, often without the need for extensive musical training or performance. Participants simply follow the beat, listen and contribute their own sound, creating a collective experience that can feel both grounding and energizing.

 

Spiritual Renewal

“Drumming is not just something I play—it is a call to the strength of my ancestors,” says Francis Agyakwa, an educator and social worker reflecting on his Ghanaian heritage. “When we play the drum, we are giving back our tears, our toils and our stress to Mother Earth.”

For him, the West African djembe—played with bare hands—offers a way to process emotion and transform tension. He leads group drumming sessions to help build resilience through self-expression, and in 2022, he presented a TEDx talk on how this traditional practice can help heal trauma.

When mentoring youth, Agyakwa has seen firsthand the benefits of drumming as a discipline and an intervention. “Their minds stop wandering,” he explains. “They are finally present. For that moment, all they have to do is sit, focus and experience the drum.”

 

Unity and Empowerment

Kristen Arant is a performing artist, songwriter and educator in the Washington, D.C., area. Affectionately known as “The Drumlady”, she leads the Bele Bele Rhythm Collective, a diverse, intergenerational group of women and non-binary folks that celebrate unity and spread the joy and power of West African drumming.

“Drumming together in a group creates a bridge between people that is stronger than the pull of their differences,” says Arant. “People become entrained. Entrainment is the process where two interacting, oscillating systems synchronize to the same rhythm. Our heartbeats and brainwaves become synchronized when we drum together.”

Arant founded and ran the Young Women’s Drumming Empowerment Project from 2005 to 2015 to help teenage girls use drumming as a tool for building self-esteem, personal growth and healing. As the young women learned to play the djembe, they were able to release buried emotion, amplify their voices and express their most authentic selves through rhythm.

“When you sit down in a drumming circle, you’re harnessing the power of ancient technology, and the healing process begins as soon as you put your hands on a drum and begin to play,” Arant explains, adding that playing with bare hands allows the player to channel and express feelings of love, freedom and empowerment.

 

Addiction Recovery and Brain Health

Daniel Dickerson, an associate research psychiatrist at the University of California, Los Angeles, Integrated Substance Use and Addiction Programs, studies the effectiveness of Native American drumming as a treatment for substance use disorders. “Drumming has been a core aspect of the identity of Native Americans,” he says. “It is a very sacred, spiritual practice that is culturally and community-rooted. With cultural-based interventions, we believe there is an opportunity to heal from historical trauma and to restore the balance.”

A 2021 clinical trial of Drum-Assisted Recovery Therapy for Native Americans, developed by Dickerson, showed that drumming reduced drug and alcohol use, decreased cognitive impairment and lowered physical ailment complains among American Indian/Alaska Native participants. “Substance use is a disease of isolation,” he explains. “With drumming, you get plucked out of your own self and your isolated state, and you are thrown into a supportive Native American community.”

Dickerson also points out that earlier research has shown that “drumming helps to enhance healthy brainwave activity, very similar to what you would see in meditation.” With this increased connectivity between different brain regions, “you have a better ability to handle your feelings and make better decisions.” Nevertheless, healing and recovery require long-term commitments. “You need consistency to sustain any healthy practice,” he observes.

 

Skills and Practice

“There is so much more to drumming than just sitting there and banging on the head of the djembe. There is a structure to it, such as making different shapes with your hands and bouncing them off a surface in different ways,” says Agyakwa, adding that once students learn the basic techniques, they can flow into creative expressions with more ease.

“Each person brings a unique sound to the ensemble,” he remarks. “When we sit in a circle, there’s no hierarchy—only connection. You are going to get out of it as much as you give. Always remember to honor the people that brought this incredible ritual to you. The energy, the joy, the connection—we generate that together.”

 

Hannah Tytus is an integrative health coach, former writer at the National Institutes of Health and host of the Root Shock podcast, exploring the cultural dimensions of health.